Somes on Anti-descriptivist Arguments

(1) Semantic Arguments -- "[These] show the referent of a proper name n, as used by speaker s, is not linguistically determined to be the denotation of any description, or set of descriptions associated with n by s."

(2) Epistemic Arguments -- "[These] show that what is known or believed by someone who knows or believes that which is expressed by a sentence s containing a proper name n is different from what is known or believed by someone who knows or believes that which is expressed by a sentence which results from substituting a description for n in s."

(3) Modal Arguments -- "These are intended to show that sentences containing names typically have different truth conditions than corresponding sentences containing descriptions, in the sense that sentences of these two types are typically true in different possible states of affairs."

--Scott Soames, Beyond Rigidity (p.19)